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The cuneiform pa sign, (as sumerogram, PA), has many uses in both the 14th century BC Amarna letters and the ''Epic of Gilgamesh''. It is routinely and commonly used to spell the Akkadian language word "pānu",〔Parpola, 197l. ''The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh'', Glossary, pp. 119-145, pānu, p. 135.〕 ''face, presence'', and with a preposition (ex. ana pānu), ''before''. In the photo of the obverse of EA 364, it is used to spell Akkadian "eperu",〔Parpola, 197l. ''The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh'', Glossary, pp. 119-145, eperu, p. 125.〕 'dust', (EA 364, lines 7,8: "...and (ù dust (IŠ (sumerogram)=dust)) and (u)\ dust "-(a-pa-ru). (The two ''"and"''-s are u-(no. 3), then u-(no. 1)-(u (cuneiform))(the bottom half).) The alphabetic/syllabic uses and sumerograms of the 'pa' sign from the ''Epic of Gilgamesh'':〔Parpola, 197l. ''The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh'', Sign List, pp. 155-165, no. 295, p. 159.〕 :hat :pa :PA (sumerogram)s :SÀG Its usage numbers from the ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' are as follows:〔Parpola, 197l. ''The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh'', Sign List, pp. 155-165, no. 295, p. 159.〕 ''hat''-(21), ''pa''-(209), ''PA''-(11), ''SÀG''-(1). In the Amarna letters the start of "messenger Xxxxx" is often spelled in cuneiform characters: "LÚ.PA.X.y.z" (etc.), (LÚ the beginning determinative for ''Man''). ==References== *Moran, William L. 1987, 1992. ''The Amarna Letters.'' Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987, 1992. 393 pages.(softcover, ISBN 0-8018-6715-0) * Parpola, 197l. ''The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh'', Parpola, Simo, Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, c 1997, Tablet I thru Tablet XII, Index of Names, Sign List, and Glossary-(pp. 119–145), 165 pages. ---- File:B157ellst.png|Sign kat, kad, gad, gat, 'Gad (cuneiform), based on Pa (cuneiform). (For k/g/q–''qat/qad'', for "hand", and Akkadian qātu, cuneiform sign Šu (cuneiform) is used. (ŠU (hand Sumerogram)=qātu)). For a listing of trade objects for procuring an entourage of women to Egypt, "...silver, gold, linen garments". (GADA, GAD for Akkadian "tunic", GAD (tunic Sumerogram), Amarna letter EA 369, to Milkilu of Gazru, titled: ''"From the Pharaoh to a Vassal"''. File:Mesopotamian - Cylinder Seal with Human Headed Winged Bull and Inscription - Walters 42808 - Side G.jpg|Mesopotamian cylinder seal-(view Side G) with griffin (Lion (with lion tail) and wings (on Side E)). The columns of inscription contain, at right: an (cuneiform)-(for DINGIR, god?), and pa (cuneiform). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pa (cuneiform)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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